LESSON 30 SABER Y CONOCER

Do you know what the verbs saber and conocer means? well both means to know but we use them in a different way, we use the verb conocer when you know a person or a place  and the verb saber when you know information or you know how to do something.

PRESENT

Click here and listen to me

Yo...................................sé................conozco
Tú....................................sabes..........conoces
El.....................................sabe...........conoce
nosotros/as.......................sabemos.....conocemos
Vosotros/as......................sabéis.........conocéis
Ellos/as............................saben...........conocen

Let's go to see some examples

Click here and listen to me

yo sé la lección...........I know the lesson (Information so we use the verbo saber)
el sabe mi nombre......he knows my name (Information so we use the verbo saber)
Conozco a tu amigo...I know your friend (to know a person so we use the verbo conocer)
ella sabe conducir muy bien.....she.knows how to drive very well (how to do something so verbo saber)
ellos conocen la lección pero no la saben......they know the lesson but they do not know it...(here they know the lesson which they should memorize but they do not memorizet yet)


Sabes qué hora es?......do you know what time is it?
Ha sido un placer conocerte.....Has been a pleasure to meet you
conozco algún detalle pero no los sé en profundidad.....I know some detail but do not know in depth
no sabe cómo lo hago.....he/she does not know how I do it
saben cocinar muy bien...They know how to cook very well

LESSON 29 acentuación

As you know the words are formed by sillables, and each word has and strong one, listen to these audio file to see what i am talking about:

pa-TA-ta (potato)
ca-miÓN (truck)
se-MÁ-fo-ro (traffic light)                           click here and listen to these words
di-FÍ-cil (difficult)
va-GÓN (wagon)

well as you can see some of those words are marked with a(´) and I am sure that you are asking yourself why some of those words are marked and some are not??  let's go to see it:

There are three kind of words, the words where the strong sillable is the last one like camión, vagón...which are called "palabras agudas", the words where the strong sillable is second to last like: difícil,patata..which are called "palabras llanas"and the words where the strong sillable is the third to last like: semáforo which are called "palabra esdrújula" (esdrújula is a palabra esdrújula it self: es-drú-ju-la)

Let' start with the easy one: all the esdrújulas words must be marked on the vowel of the strong sillable!!!
the agudas words must be marked when the word ends in  N, S or a VOWEL
the llanas words must be marked when always if the word ens with a consonant and consonant+S(bíceps(bicps))

There is another kind of words, like when we make the conditional ex: caminaría(ca-mi-na-rí-a) that is llana and ens with a vowel but we also marked it to show that when we tallk we split the last sillable(we call at this   exeption"diptongo"

LESSON 28 POR or PARA

In this lesson we are going to see when we must use the words POR or PARA with some examples that are going to make it understandable:

     ---we will use the word "PARA" when:

           ---we are looking for a target:

      My boss: "lo quiero PARA mañana!!" (I want it for tomorrow)
      Me:         "no te preocupes lo tendré hecho PARA las tres" (do not worry I'll have done it at three)


          ---Shows a direction:

                Voy PARA tu casa ( I go to your house)
                Vienen PARA quedarse (they are coming for staying)(well this also shows a target)

         ---Shows an opinion:

               PARA mi está bien(for me is ok)
               PARA él no es lo más importante(for him is not the most important)
                                                             

   ---we use the word "POR" when: 

      ---shows where we are doing something:

           Estamos caminando POR la playa(We are walking on the beach)
           está subiendo POR las escaleras(is going up the stairs)

     ---Shows a distribution:

          Vale 100 dólares POR cada uno (It cost 100 dólares each one)
           Hay que dividirlo POR dos( we must divide by two)

     ---Is also used  as  "pick up"

           Vengo a POR ti (I go to pick you up)

     ---shows the way of tranfer something:

           Mándalo POR correo (send it by mail)
           envíalo POR carta (send it in a letter)

LESSON 27 Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

I am sure that when you have read the head of this post you may have said pluscuamwhat????....well is easier that you think, and in a few minutes or maybe less you are going to say: "I already had read the post head and for a while I thought I would not undertand it but after have read just the begining I already had undrestood!!"

Did you see something odd?? yes i marked something in yellow, and what i have marked is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto.

The pretérito pluscuamperfecto show us that in a specific point of the past we have done something.
In English we use the verb to have in past form and the participle of the action that we have done, in spanish we use the verb Haber in a pretérito imperfecto and the participle of the action (I do not like teach like that is better the firs part)

pretérito imperfecto verbo haber:

yo................había
tú.................habías
él.................había
nosotros.......habíamos
vosotros.......habíais         ( i'll put all forms of the verb haber very soon on verb's list)
ellos.............habían

Well now we now the imperfecto of verb Haver now just we have to add the participle:


ya lo había hecho..........................I already had done
nosotros habíamos comido........... we had eaten
ellos habían venido........................they had come

Lesson 26 verbo Deber

The verb Deber as a noun can be translated as a duty, obligation,  ought, task...but as a verb means must, should, shall, owe.....

as a noun:
 mi deber es explicar bien las lecciones......my duty is to explain well the lessons

as a verb:

Present:

yo debo.............................I should, must, owe
tú debes............................you should...
el/ella debe........................he/she should
nosotros debemos.............we should
vosotros debeis.................you should
ellos deben.......................they should

Building a sentence:  person(I,you...)+deber+verb infinitive

yo debo venir................I must/should come

In english, the verb should is used a lot with the verb to have and in spanish language we use the verb haber but with the verb deber in conditional let's go to see it:

deber in conditional+haver(infinitive)+verb(participle)

deberías haber llegado pronto..........you should have arrived soon
deberíamos haber comprado más....we should have bought more

making a conditional click here:
making the participle click here
the verb haber click here

Lesson 25 creating adverbs

What is an adverb?

      An adverb is a word that we add to describe how is something or someone doing the action, is just a kind of describtion of the verb that it is  following, there are adverbs of place like aquí(here) allí(there), adverbs of time like: más tarde(later).después(after).... but in this lesson we are going to talk about advebs made from  adjectives, lets go to learn how:
   
There are some adverbs that you can create them  from a adjective like bad(badly), friend(friendly), well as you can see in English language we can create them just adding "ly", in spanish language is the same but we add the letters "mente" ex:

Feliz (happy)..........felizmente(happily)
Cansado(tired).....cansadamente(wearily)
nuevo(new)..........nuevamente(newly)
lento(slow)...........lentAmente(slowly)
pesado(heavy).....pesadAmente(heavily)

Did you see something weird?? wes!! you are right we make the adverbs adding "mente" always from the female word like the two last adverbs lento and pesado, I do not why but is just like that(you know languages)

We have also adverbs with a preposition, you can have a look on vocavulary list block 2 here

Lesson 24 The imperfect tense

In Spanish, the imperfect, along with the preterit, is used to talk about past actions as we have seen on lesson  13 here, well the imperfect is used to talk about actions that do not have a clear begining and end.


Cuando era joven yo Iba a la playa..............When I was young I would go to the beach

caminábamos por el malecón...... .................We used to walk along the boardwalk

-The imperfect of verbs that finish with -ar

      Luckily, the imperfect has hardly any irregular forms, with these verbs just drop the-ar and add-aba, -abas, - ábamos, -abais, -aban ex:

from cantar: yo cantaba, tu cantabas, el cantaba, nosotros cantábamos, vosotros cantabais, ellos cantaban.

-The imperfect of verbs that finish with -er and -ir drop the er or ir and add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían ex: from verb comer and decir ( to eat, to say): yo comía, tu comías, el decía, nosotros decíamos, ellos comían.

ex:      el lunes te decía lo mismo.............On monday I said the same
          cuando era pequeño me lo comía todo....when I was young i ate all
          leía todas las cartas.................................I read all the letters.

LESSON 23 conditional/pretérito imperfecto

When we make the conditional in English we just use the word if and the verb in past form ex: if I was... well the structure in spanish language is similar, we use the word "si" instead of word "if" and instead of  verb in past form we use the verb in pretérito imperfecto  de subjuntivo. What is that?? well is a verbal time that does not exist in english so you just have to learn, here there is a good site with all spanish verbal times , have a look at pretérito imperfecto de modo subjuntivo and lets start to build conditionals:

At first check out on this site the pretérito imperfecto de modo subjuntivo: http://www.verbolog.com/conjuga.htm and also read the lesson 16

If I had money......si tuviera dinero......
If I was a child.....si fuera niño.......
If you were here...si estuvueras aquí.....

I'm sorry but the only way is learn the verbal time but try with the most important tener, hacer,poder...
Now, and after had read the lesson 16 here lesson 16 you are able to build a full conditional tense:

If I had money I would buy a car.....si tuviera dinero compraría un coche
If I was a child I would be playing....si fuera niño estaría jugando
If you were here I would be happy...si estuvieras aquí estaría feliz

Structure: "si + verb in pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo + (verb conditioned(as we saw in lesson 16))
here there are some examples of pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo here

Comer=to eat comiera=from comer but pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo. Estaría=from verb estar but conditioned as we saw in lesson 16.

"si yo comiera no estaría tan delgado" ..."If I ate i would not be that thin"

REALLY IMPORTANT: do not translate just keep the idea, the pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo does not exist in english!!!
 WSCBJF2SY7AK

LESSON 22 the verbo HABER

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                                 The verbo Haber is really important because we use it to build compound times, is an auxiliary verb and is important to know it.The verb Haver shows to us exactly the point when the actions happens, happened or will happen even the in conditional, I know that sounds a bit estrange, lets go to see some examples:


Ex1: today is 12 of september and tomorrow i will be in Barcelona,
             
          el 13 de septiembre habré estado en Barcelona(on 13 i will have been in Barcelona)
Well as you can see at the sentence above we are speaking about something that will be done in the future from the present, we must put the verb Haber in future and the participle of verb of the action that will happen.
Yo habré....comido--------------------I will have eaten
Tu habrás...comido--------------------you will have been eaten
El/ella habrá......comido----------------he /she will have eaten
Nosotros habremos......ido------------we will have gone
vosotros habréis...........ido------------you will have gone
ellos habrán..................ido------------they have gone

person(yo,tu,el...)+haber in future+participle of action, to see how to do the participle of a verb have a look at lesson 21.

  Ex2: Now imagin that we are in a place where we alredy have been there:

         aquí yo ya había estado(here I alredy had been) this form is called pretérito pluscuamperfecto and show to us that it happened in the past and you have alredy done it
Yo había+verb in participle
tu habías            "
el/ella había        "
nos. habíamos    "
vos. habíais        "
ellos/ellas habían "

Ex3 we can also use it in a conditional form

si tuviera dinero lo habría comprado(if i had money i would have bought)
yo habría+verb in participle
tu habrías              "
el/ella habría         "
nos.habríamos       "
vos habríais           "
ellos/ellas habrían  "

Well they are just  the most useful forms there are more but i think is enought for the moment just try to quue the idea and in the futere i'll write more about it(come on i know is not esay but you are just starting!!)

LESSON 21 pretérito perfecto

The pretérito perfecto expresse actions made in the past that persist in the present...well this is the formal explanation but for people who speaks english is better an more easy if we just compare this examples because is the same:

yo he comprado.....................I have bought
tu has venido..........................you have come
el/ella ha hecho.....................he/she has done
nosotros hemos saltado..........we have jumped
vosotros habeis sonrreido.......you have smailed
ellas/ellos han habalado..........they have spoken

As you can see is the same structure   yo, tu, el....+ verbo HABER (in each form market in black above)+ participle of verb which says what we have done (never said better)

well now I am sure that you want to know how we know the participle of each verb...well there is a kind of rul that just works with rregular verbs but is so good because you are going to make a big step in spanish knowledge:

the verbs that his infinitive ends with -ar just remove the r and add  -ado

the verbs that his infinitive ends with -er and -ir just remove the -er -ir and add -ido

Examples:

       infinitive                                                   participle

      cantar(to sing)............................................cantado
      comprar(to buy).........................................comprado
      saltar(to jump)...........................................saltado
      comer(to eat)..............................................comido
      correr(to run)...............................................corrido
      venir(to come...............................................venido

There is a short listening about this lesson here listening 3

La lección ha terminado..................the lesson has finished